Krishna BV, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A (2007) Laser processing of net-shape NiTi shape memory alloy. Malukhin K, Ehmann K (2006) Material characterization of NiTi based memory alloys fabricated by the laser direct metal deposition process. Naficy S, Gately R, Gorkin R III, Xin H, Spinks GM (2017) 4D printing of reversible shape morphing hydrogel structures, Macromol Mater Eng 302įelton S, Tolley M, Demaine E, Rus D, Wood R (2014) A method for building self-folding machines. Pei E, Loh GH (2018) Technological considerations for 4D printing: an overview. Virtual Phys Prototyping 10(3):103–122Ĭhoong YYC, Maleksaeedi S, Eng H, Wei J, Su P-C (2017) 4D printing of high performance shape memory polymer using stereolithography. Khoo ZX, Teoh JEM, Liu Y, Chua CK, Yang S, An J, Leong KF, Yeong WY (2015) 3D printing of smart materials: a review on recent progresses in 4D printing. Mu T, Liu L, Lan X, Liu Y, Leng J (2018) Shape memory polymers for composites. Leist SK, Zhou J (2016) Current status of 4D printing technology and the potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4D printable materials. Parandoush P, Lin D (2017) A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites. Pei E (2014) 4D printing: dawn of an emerging technology cycle. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture, pp. Tibbits S, McKnelly C, Olguin C, Dikovsky D, Hirsch S (2014) 4D printing and universal transformation. ĭavies A Business Insider, 28 February 2014. In: Bártolo PJ (ed.) Stereolithography: Materials, Processes and Applications. RTE J 11ĭavis FJ, Mitchell GR (2011) Polymeric materials for rapid manufacturing in rapid manufacturing. Gebhardt A, Hotter J-S, Ziebura D (2014) Impact of SLM build parameters on the surface quality. Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects. Tumbleston JR, Shirvanyants D, Ermoshkin N, Janusziewicz R, Johnson AR, Kelly D, Chen K, Pinschmidt R, Rolland JP, Ermoshkin A, Samulski ET, DeSimone JM (2015) Additive manufacturing. Wu J, Huang LM, Zhao Q, Xie T (2017) 4D printing: history and recent progress. Huang W, Ding Z, Wang C, Wei J, Zhao Y, Purnawali H (2010) Shape memory materials. Lee AY, An J, Chua CK (2017) Two-way 4D printing: a review on the reversibility of 3d-printed shape memory materials. Wohler T, Gornet T (2014) History of additive manufacturing. Thirdly, the latest development and applications of additive manufacturing are depicted, and suggestions concerning the scope of future research are put forward. Secondly, the optimization techniques, such as topology, shape, structure, and mechanical property, are described. Firstly, the existing printing methods along with the frequently used printing materials as well as the processing parameters, and the factors which influence the quality and mechanical performances of the printed objects are discussed. The review is divided into three sections. Previous developments in this area and contributions to the modern trend in manufacturing technology are briefly summarized. This review critically evaluates the current 4D printing technologies, including the development and optimization of printing methods as well as to the printed objects. While some of the research has focused on the performance of the materials, the rest has focused on the development of new methods and techniques in additive manufacturing. It should, however, be noted that a large amount of progress still remains to be made. Significant progress is being made in this area of advanced manufacturing, and this comparative study helps to understand the latest developments in materials, additive techniques, and future prospects for this technology. Due to the strong demand for low-cost and highly efficient products, various approaches are currently being explored and applied so as to contribute to the development and optimization of 4D printing technology.
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